What does the term "usufruct" refer to in property law?

In property law, "usufruct" refers specifically to the right that allows a person to use and enjoy the benefits of property that is owned by another individual. This concept is fundamental to property rights, as it grants the usufructuary the ability to benefit from the property without transferring ownership. The essential characteristic of usufruct is the dual aspect of use and enjoyment: the usufructuary has the right to possess the property and obtain any income or benefits it generates, while the underlying ownership of the property remains with another party.

For example, this could apply in situations where one person may live in a house owned by someone else, enjoying the right to reside there, make repairs, and even collect rent if the property is leased, all while the actual ownership of the house does not change hands. This concept fosters a collaborative relationship between the owner and the usufructuary, ensuring both benefits without altering the ownership structure.

The other options provided do not accurately capture the essence of usufruct. Exclusive ownership rights pertain to full ownership without shared claims, the sale of property rights refers to the transfer of ownership, and management of communal land implies shared responsibility and usage rather than the rights specifically associated with usufruct.