Which system of law is derived from Roman Law and does not allow court decisions to establish state law?

The correct answer is Civil Law, as this system is fundamentally rooted in Roman law and is characterized by its reliance on codified statutes rather than court decisions. In a Civil Law system, the laws are typically written and organized into comprehensive codes that provide an exhaustive framework for legal procedures and applicable statutes. This contrasts with Common Law systems, where court decisions and precedents play a significant role in shaping the law.

In Civil Law jurisdictions, judges primarily apply the laws as they are written in the codes without creating new legal principles through their rulings. This means that the role of a judge is more about interpreting and applying existing laws than making new law through judicial decisions. Consequently, the precedence established by the courts does not hold the same weight or authority as it does in Common Law systems.

Understanding this distinction is vital for grasping the foundational principles of legal systems worldwide and recognizing the unique attributes of Civil Law, especially as they function in countries that follow this tradition, including Louisiana, which retains aspects of Civil Law in its legal structure.