Which term characterizes a condition where the other party has a right to assert a claim?

The correct term that characterizes a condition where the other party has a right to assert a claim is "conditional." In this context, a conditional right or claim implies that certain conditions must be met for the right to be exercised or for the claim to be valid. It establishes a situation where a party's ability to assert their rights is dependent on specific circumstances or events occurring.

For instance, in contracts or legal agreements, a conditional claim might arise when an obligation or right is contingent upon another party fulfilling particular requirements. This is a fundamental aspect of many legal agreements, where actions or rights are framed by conditions that must be met for them to be enforceable.

In contrast, the other terminology does not appropriately define this relationship. "Subrogated" refers to the process where one party assumes the legal rights of another, typically in the context of insurance claims. "Proportional" generally relates to a balance or relationship in amounts or degrees but does not speak to the assertion of claims. "Absolute," on the other hand, describes rights or claims that are unrestricted or unconditional, which does not convey the sense of required conditions necessary for the claim to be valid or enforceable.