Which term defines a legal proceeding initiated by one party without notice to the other party?

The term that defines a legal proceeding initiated by one party without notice to the other party is "ex parte." This legal concept is significant because it allows one party to seek relief from a court without the presence or knowledge of the other party involved in the case. Ex parte proceedings are typically used in situations where immediate action is needed, and there isn't sufficient time to notify the other party, such as in emergency cases.

This method, however, is usually limited to specific circumstances to ensure fairness and justice, as the other party is not given the opportunity to present their side or defend against the request being made to the court. This means that the court must carefully consider the reasons for allowing an ex parte motion to maintain procedural integrity.

The other terms presented do not relate to proceedings initiated without notice to the other party. "Amicus curiae" refers to a person or group that offers information or expertise to the court but is not a party to the case. "Inter partes" describes a proceeding involving multiple parties. "Pro se" refers to individuals representing themselves in legal matters without an attorney.